Resumen: El siguiente estudio da cuenta de los resultados preliminares de una investigación acerca de las experiencias como lectores de los estudiantes que ingresan a la carrera de Pedagogía en Lengua Castellana y Comunicaciones de una universidad estatal del sur de Chile. El objetivo fue conocer y caracterizar el capital de lectura y las motivaciones que poseen los estudiantes hacia la lectura, entendiendo por capital de lectura, el acervo y repertorio de obras de la literatura reportadas por los/las estudiantes y (...) por motivaciones hacia la lectura, el impulso que dirige activamente la conducta hacia el logro de un objetivo como lector/a (Aragón y Arias, 2013). La investigación se desarrolló desde el paradigma cualitativo. En la recolección de datos se utilizaron encuestas, entrevistas semiestructuradas y grupos focales con dos cohortes de estudiantes. El procesamiento de los datos se realizó mediante análisis de contenido, estableciendo categorías devenidas de los discursos y testimonios de los sujetos de estudio. Los hallazgos dejan traslucir la diversidad del capital cultural heredado y coincidencias entre cohortes en relación con la importancia de la literatura en el desarrollo de la imaginación y la creatividad. Abstract: The following study reports the preliminary results of an investigation into the reading experiences of students entering the Pedagogy program in Spanish Language and Communications at a state university in southern Chile. The objective was to know and characterize the reading capital and the motivations that students have towards reading, understanding by reading capital, the collection, and repertoire of works of literature reported by the students, and by motivations towards reading, the impulse that actively directs behavior towards achieving an objective as a reader (Aragón and Arias, 2013). The research was developed from the qualitative paradigm. Surveys, semi-structured interviews, and focus groups with two cohorts of students were used to collect data. Data processing was carried out through content analysis, establishing categories derived from the speeches and testimonies of the study subjects. The findings reveal the diversity of inherited cultural capital and coincidences between cohorts concerning the importance of literature in the development of imagination and creativity. (shrink)

Theory and evidence from the behavioral science literature suggest that the widespread and rising use of _lingua francas_ in the workplace may impact the ethical decision-making of individuals who must use foreign languages at work. We test the impact of foreign language usage on individuals’ susceptibility to bribery in workplace settings using a vignette-based randomized controlled trial in a Dutch student sample. Results suggest that there is not even a small foreign language effect on workplace bribery susceptibility. We combine traditional (...) null hypothesis significance testing with equivalence testing methods novel to the business ethics literature that can provide statistically significant evidence of bounded or null relationships between variables. These tests suggest that the foreign language effect on workplace bribery susceptibility is bounded below even small effect sizes. Post hoc analyses provide evidence suggesting fruitful further routes of experimental research into bribery. (shrink)

In the history of Jewish, Christian and Muslim culture, religious identity was not only formed by historical claims, but also by the usage of certain images: “images of God”, “images of the others”, “images of the self.”This book includes a discussion of the role of these images in society and politics, in theology and liturgy, yesterday and today.

There is perhaps no greater constant in religious intuition and experience than the presence of light. In spiritual traditions East and West, light is not only ubiquitous but something that assumes strikingly similar forms in altogether different historical and cultural settings. This study examines light as an aspect of religiously valued experiences and its entailments for mystical theology, philosophy, politics, and religious art. The essays in this volume make an important contribution to religious studies by proposing that it is misleading (...) to conceive of religious experience in terms of an irreconcilable dichotomy between universality and cultural construction. An esteemed group of contributors, representing the study of Asian and Western religious traditions from a range of disciplinary perspectives, suggests that attention to various forms of divine radiance shows that there is indeed a range of principles that, if not universal, are nevertheless very widely occurring and amenable to fruitful comparative inquiry. What results is a work of enormous scope, demonstrating compelling cross-connections that will be of value to scholars of comparative religions, mysticism, and the relationship between art and the sacred. Contributors: * Catherine B. Asher * Raoul Birnbaum * Sarah Iles Johnston * Matthew T. Kapstein * Andrew Louth * Paul E. Muller-Ortega * Elliot R. Wolfson * Mimi Hall Yiengpruksawan * Hossein Ziai. (shrink)

CYBATHLON is an international championship where people with severe physical disabilities compete with the aid of state-of-the-art assistive technology. In one of the disciplines, the BCI Race, tetraplegic pilots compete in a computer game race by controlling an avatar with a brain-computer interface. This competition offers a perfect opportunity for BCI researchers to study long-term training effects in potential end-users, and to evaluate BCI performance in a realistic environment. In this work, we describe the BCI system designed by the team (...) Mirage91 for participation in the CYBATHLON BCI Series 2019, as well as in the CYBATHLON 2020 Global Edition. Furthermore, we present the BCI’s interface with the game and the main methodological strategies, along with a detailed evaluation of its performance over the course of the training period, which lasted 14 months. The developed system was a 4-class BCI relying on task-specific modulations of brain rhythms. We implemented inter-session transfer learning to reduce calibration time, and to reinforce the stability of the brain patterns. Additionally, in order to compensate for potential intra-session shifts in the features’ distribution, normalization parameters were continuously adapted in an unsupervised fashion. Across the aforementioned 14 months, we recorded 26 game-based training sessions. Between the first eight sessions, and the final eight sessions leading up to the CYBATHLON 2020 Global Edition, the runtimes significantly improved from 255 ± 23 s to 225 ± 22 s, respectively. Moreover, we observed a significant increase in the classifier’s accuracy from 46 to 53%, driven by more distinguishable brain patterns. Compared to conventional single session, non-adaptive BCIs, the inter-session transfer learning and unsupervised intra-session adaptation techniques significantly improved the performance. This long-term study demonstrates that regular training helped the pilot to significantly increase the distance between task-specific patterns, which resulted in an improvement of performance, both with respect to class separability in the calibration data, and with respect to the game. Furthermore, it shows that our methodological approaches were beneficial in transferring the performance across sessions, and most importantly to the CYBATHLON competitions. (shrink)

Eduardo Arroyo, Armelle Auris, François Boissonnet, Paul HENRY, Pierre-Jean LABARRIERE, MATIEU, Gilles AILLAUD, Gérad THALMANN, Nicole MATHIEU, Jacques VIMARD, Michel QUAREZ, Leonardo CREMONINI, L'atelier d'Eduardo Arryo: Le carré blanc du ring, Rue Descartes, No. 7, Logiques de l'éthique (Juin 1993), pp. 149-168.

The concept of _substructural logic_ was originally introduced in relation to limitations of Gentzen’s structural rules of Contraction, Weakening and Exchange. Recent years have witnessed the development of substructural logics also challenging the Tarskian properties of Reflexivity and Transitivity of logical consequence. In this introduction we explain this recent development and two aspects in which it leads to a reassessment of the bounds of classical logic. On the one hand, standard ways of defining the notion of logical consequence in classical (...) logic naturally induce substructural logics when admitting more than two truth values; on the other hand, these substructural logics give rise to hierarchies of _metainferences_ that can be used to approximate classical logic at different levels. (shrink)

Nie war das Politische frei von Emotionen, jedoch scheint ihre Quantität und Geltung in der politischen Sphäre der Gegenwart stetig zuzunehmen. Hinweise darauf sind die zunehmende Präsenz emotionaler Debatten im medialen Bereich wie auch im alltäglichen Umgang miteinander. Ein Blick in die Zeitung oder in soziale Netzwerke scheint zu genügen, um zu erfahren, welchen Stellenwert Emotionen und Affekte in Diskussionen über politische Entscheidungen oder Problemstellungen einnehmen. Ob und inwiefern es eine signifikante Zunahme der Rolle der Emotionen im Bereich des Politischen (...) gibt, erörtern die Beitragenden des Bandes mit unterschiedlichen Perspektiven. (shrink)

A recent study by McGee from the University of Oregon has led to discussions in international media and on the web. This study addresses an interesting question and applies advanced statistics for its analysis. However, we identify several methodological flaws that invalidate the results. First, McGee tests a hypothesis that does not correspond to his main question and which does not allow McGee to derive the conclusions that are drawn in his paper and reported in the media coverage. Second, the (...) data used are not adequate for the analysis because: i) the dependent variable does not reflect the greenhouse gas emissions characteristics of organic agriculture, ii) the explanatory variables neglect the livestock sector, and iii) trade aspects are missing. Third, McGee fails to discuss his findings in the light of quite a substantial body of experimental, bio-physical research from the US and elsewhere. (shrink)

For a robot to be capable of development it must be able to explore its environment and learn from its experiences. It must find opportunities to experience the unfamiliar in ways that reveal properties valid beyond the immediate context. In this paper, we develop a novel method for using the rhythm of everyday actions as a basis for identifying the characteristic appearance and sounds associated with objects, people, and the robot itself. Our approach is to identify and segment groups of (...) signals in individual modalities based on their rhythmic variation, then to identify and bind causally-related groups of signals across different modalities. By including proprioception as a modality, this cross-modal binding method applies to the robot itself, and we report a series of experiments in which the robot learns about the characteristics of its own body. (shrink)

Emmanuel Levinas, uno de los filósofos occidentales más profundamente originales del siglo XX, ha recibido en los últimos años una atención considerable por parte de educadores y filósofos de la educación. Son muchas las implicaciones éticas que tiene para la educación en áreas relacionadas con la educación moral, cuestiones de diversidad, multiculturalismo y políticas de reconocimiento. Este artículo se apoya en Levinas para quien el concepto de responsabilidad constituye la piedra angular de su obra filosófica y encuentra su mejor expresión (...) en la acogida al otro. Educar es acoger, acompañar y ayudar al educando en su proyecto de vida. Desde la ética levinasiana, la acogida no se concibe como un mero objeto de instrucción o de enseñanza, se “aprende” por contagio, por mímesis. Por ello, los autores se muestran contrarios a la propuesta de actuaciones educativas concretas previamente programadas, y apuestan por la creación de un clima educativo en el aula que favorezca la apertura al otro, especialmente al diferente cultural. Concluyen en la importancia de una educación hospitalaria que profundice en el sentido de la responsabilidad y haga de la experiencia del alumno el punto de partida de la acción educativa. (shrink)

This book is about the ways in which modern enlightenment, rather than liberating humanity from tyranny, has subjected us to new servitude imposed by systems of mass manipulation, electronic vigilance, compulsive consumerism, and the horrors of a seemingly unending global war on terror. The main intellectual aims of this title are the following: the analysis of spectacle, the criticism of providential enlightenment, and the examination of positive dialectics. The spectacle, in this case, is the apotheosis of the culture industries, a (...) total inversion of reality and of our existences. Providential enlightenment is not only a critique of the failure of enlightenment, but of the mutilation of historical enlightenments. Positive dialectics signal a new era of intellectual engagement in the construction of our historical future. During a time in which national democracies seem an imperial farce, it is not enough for intellectuals faced with all this destruction to blithely recommend resistance. The book thus ties American, British, French and German theoretical traditions into a reflexive challenge to the notion of intellectual as critic, and argues instead for a trespassive tradition of cultural leadership. (shrink)

Die Jahrestagung 2018 der Arbeitsgemeinschaft deutschsprachiger Philosophiedozentinnen und -dozenten im Studium der Katholischen Theologie an wissenschaftlichen Hochschulen fand vom 20.-22. Februar 2018 in der Katholischen Akademie Schwerte statt. Die Fachtagung stand unter dem Thema "Welt - Geist - Gott. Erkundungen zu Panpsychismus und Panentheismus" und widmete sich der Frage, wie sich das Gott-Welt-Verhaltnis religionsphilosophisch und unter Berucksichtigung der heutigen naturwissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse adaquat bestimmen lasst. Der Fokus lag dabei auf zwei alternativen Gottes- und Geistkonzeptionen: Panentheismus und Panpsychismus. Beide Forschungsprogramme wurden intensiv (...) diskutiert und auf ihr jeweiliges philosophisches und theologisches Potential hin befragt, das Verhaltnis von Gott und Welt sowie Geist und Materie auf eine Art und Weise zu denken, die jenseits des bekannten Dualismus von Gott und Welt auf der einen Seite und Geist und Materie auf der anderen Seite liegt. (shrink)

This volume contains the proceedings of the Logic at Harvard conference in honor of W. Hugh Woodin's 60th birthday, held March 27–29, 2015, at Harvard University. It presents a collection of papers related to the work of Woodin, who has been one of the leading figures in set theory since the early 1980s. The topics cover many of the areas central to Woodin's work, including large cardinals, determinacy, descriptive set theory and the continuum problem, as well as connections between set (...) theory and Banach spaces, recursion theory, and philosophy, each reflecting a period of Woodin's career. Other topics covered are forcing axioms, inner model theory, the partition calculus, and the theory of ultrafilters. This volume should make a suitable introduction to Woodin's work and the concerns which motivate it. The papers should be of interest to graduate students and researchers in both mathematics and philosophy of mathematics, particularly in set theory, foundations and related areas. (shrink)

El artículo consiste en el estudio comparado de la ontología de Georg Simmel y de José Ortega y Gasset, con dos objetivos: demostrar la influencia de Simmel en la filosofía de Ortega, y exponer su ontología «comparada» como una crítica a la tradición parmenídea del ser. Para ello planteamos dos tesis de partida. La primera tiene que ver con el carácter vitalista de la filosofía de nuestros dos autores. En segundo lugar, la tesis de la «intradición de la (...) tradición» como mecanismo para estudiar la forma en que Simmel y Ortega recogen la tradición críticamente, a efecto de ajustarla a la «altura de su tiempo», según la terminología orteguiana. Finalmente, concluiremos con la idea de que la ontología de Simmel y Ortega es una crítica a la epistemología o a las implicaciones ontológicas de la epistemología moderna. (shrink)

In the background to Ortega’s controversial relationship with some of the most prominent members of the Spanish Generation of '98, there is a gradual shift in Ortega’s original idealism towards a pragmatism. This move takes him from an original confrontation with Maeztu and Baroja to a later critical —even cryptic— acceptance of several of their philosophical theses. The 50th anniversary of the deaths of Ortega and Baroja is a good opporunity to begin an exploration of the question.

This article consists of an analysis of the influence of the Berlin philosopher Georg Simmel on the initial stages of José Ortega y Gasset's philosophy. In this case, we will focus on the influence that Simmel's aesthetics exerted on the young Ortega for the configuration of a theory of the historical evolution of the arts in which some of the strong theses that would characterize his mature thought are revealed. It should be noted that this article is included (...) within a project of analysis of the relationship of influence between Simmel and Ortega, an influence that covers multiple fields of philosophical and scientific thought, such as epistemology, aesthetics, ontology, sociology, etc., as well as diverse and interesting contents of analysis. The main objective is to demonstrate that under the fundamental ideas of Ortega y Gasset's philosophy of historical and vital reason flows the tension between life and form that is the basis of Simmelian thought. (shrink)

Progressive supranuclear palsy is a movement disorder with prominent tau neuropathology. Brain diseases with abnormal tau deposits are called tauopathies, the most common of which is Alzheimer's disease. Environmental causes of tauopathies include repetitive head trauma associated with some sports. To identify common genetic variation contributing to risk for tauopathies, we carried out a genome-wide association study of 1,114 individuals with PSP and 3,247 controls followed by a second stage in which we genotyped 1,051 cases and 3,560 controls for the (...) stage 1 SNPs that yielded P ≤ 10-3. We found significant previously unidentified signals associated with PSP risk at STX6, EIF2AK3 and MOBP. We confirmed two independent variants in MAPT affecting risk for PSP, one of which influences MAPT brain expression. The genes implicated encode proteins for vesicle-membrane fusion at the Golgi-endosomal interface, for the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response and for a myelin structural component. © 2011 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved. (shrink)

En este artículo se plantea el «estado de la cuestión» de la influencia de Simmel en Ortega y Gasset. En primer lugar, se establecen las «bases objetivas» para fundar una influencia real de Simmel sobre Ortega, no inspirada en un simple «aire de familia». A continuación se ofrecen algunos resultados estadísticos y algunas consideraciones sobre la muestra de trabajos tomada. Finalmente, se clasifica dicha muestra atendiendo a una serie de criterios que hacen las veces de categorías para el (...) estudio de la relación de influencia que se defiende en el artículo. (shrink)

Resumen: Este artí­culo trata la cuestión del sujeto en la obra de Ortega y Gasset, cuya discusión atiende al carácter central de su noción de la vida humana, de la cual el proyecto del yo es sólo un ingrediente. Se considera igualmente su posición fenomenológica, así­ como la tensión de su pensamiento entre la tendencia ilustrada y la del misticismo romántico.: This paper is a study about the question of subject in the work of Ortega y Gasset, the (...) discussion of which takes an interest in the concept of human life and in the project of self, which is just an ingredient of life. It is also thought about its phenomenological position, as well as the conflict into his philosophy between the tendency to Enlightenment and the romantic mysticism. (shrink)

This book is a collection of secondary essays on America's most important philosophic thinkers—statesmen, judges, writers, educators, and activists—from the colonial period to the present. Each essay is a comprehensive introduction to the thought of a noted American on the fundamental meaning of the American regime.